Molecular evolutionary analysis reveals Arctic-like rabies viruses evolved and dispersed independently in North and South Asia

Background@#Arctic-like (AL) lineages of rabies viruses (RABVs) remains endemic in some Arctic and Asia countries. However, their evolutionary dynamics are largely unappreciated. @*Objectives@#We attempted to estimate the evolutionary history, geographic origin and spread of the Arctic-related RABVs. @*Methods@#Full length or partial sequences of the N and G genes were used to infer the evolutionary aspects of AL RABVs by Bayesian evolutionary analysis. @*Results@#The most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) of the current Arctic and AL RABVs emerged in the 1830s and evolved independently after diversification. Population demographic analysis indicated that the viruses experienced gradual growth followed by a sudden decrease in its population size from the mid-1980s to approximately 2000.Genetic flow patterns among the regions reveal a high geographic correlation in AL RABVs transmission. Discrete phylogeography suggests that the geographic origin of the AL RABVs was in east Russia in approximately the 1830s. The ancestral AL RABV then diversified and immigrated to the countries in Northeast Asia, while the viruses in South Asia were dispersed to the neighboring regions from India. The N and G genes of RABVs in both clades sustained high levels of purifying selection, and the positive selection sites were mainly found on the C-terminus of the G gene. @*Conclusions@#The current AL RABVs circulating in South and North Asia evolved and dispersed independently.

PM2.5 in poultry houses synergizes with Pseudomonas aeruginosa to aggravate lung inflammation in mice through the NF-κB pathway

Background@#High concentrations of particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) in poultry houses is an important cause of respiratory disease in animals and humans. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that can induce severe respiratory disease in animals under stress or with abnormal immune functions. When excessively high concentrations of PM2.5 in poultry houses damage the respiratory system and impair host immunity, secondary infections with P. aeruginosa can occur and produce a more intense inflammatory response, resulting in more severe lung injury. @*Objectives@#In this study, we focused on the synergistic induction of inflammatory injury in the respiratory system and the related molecular mechanisms induced by PM2.5 and P. aeruginosa in poultry houses. @*Methods@#High-throughput 16S rDNA sequence analysis was used for characterizing the bacterial diversity and relative abundance of the PM2.5 samples, and the effects of PM2.5 and P. aeruginosa stimulation on inflammation were detected by in vitro and in vivo. @*Results@#Sequencing results indicated that the PM2.5 in poultry houses contained a high abundance of potentially pathogenic genera, such as Pseudomonas (2.94%). The lung tissues of mice had more significant pathological damage when co-stimulated by PM2.5 and P. aeruginosa, and it can increase the expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α through nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway in vivo and in vitro. @*Conclusions@#The results confirmed that poultry house PM2.5 in combination with P. aeruginosa could aggravate the inflammatory response and cause more severe respiratory system injuries through a process closely related to the activation of the NF-κB pathway.

Comparison of the effects of aspirin and clopidogrel on coronary heart disease / 中国基层医药

Objective@#To compare the therapeutic effect of aspirin and clopidogrel on coronary heart disease.@*Methods@#From June 2016 to July 2017, 186 patients with coronary heart disease in the Third People's Hospital of Yuyao were divided into control group and observation group according to different treatment methods, with 93 cases in each group.Both two groups were treated with routine symptomatic therapy, the control group was given aspirin and the observation group was given clopidogrel.Biochemical indicators, cardiac function and adverse events were observed.@*Results@#There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups before treatment(all P>0.05). The platelet aggregation rate and activation time of partial thrombin of the observation group were (38.11±2.15)% and (48.21±3.50)s, respectively, which were better than those of the control group(t=48.819, 18.752, all P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in prothrombin activity and prothrombin time between the two groups(all P>0.05). The probability of grade Ⅳ and grade Ⅰ in the observation group was 8.60% and 38.71%, respectively, which was significantly different from those in the control group(χ2=5.243, 6.541, all P<0.05). The incidence rate of adverse events in the observation group(1.08%) was lower than that in the control group(7.53%), and the difference was statistically significant(χ2=4.072, P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Clopidogrel is more effective than aspirin in the treatment of coronary heart disease.It can significantly improve the coagulation function, cardiac function, and it is safe and with less adverse reactions.

Comparison of the effects of aspirin and clopidogrel on coronary heart disease / 中国基层医药

Objective To compare the therapeutic effect of aspirin and clopidogrel on coronary heart disease.Methods From June 2016 to July 2017,186 patients with coronary heart disease in the Third People ˊs Hospital of Yuyao were divided into control group and observation group according to different treatment methods ,with 93 cases in each group.Both two groups were treated with routine symptomatic therapy ,the control group was given aspirin and the observation group was given clopidogrel.Biochemical indicators ,cardiac function and adverse events were observed.Results There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups before treatment (all P＞0.05 ).The platelet aggregation rate and activation time of partial thrombin of the observation group were (38.11 ±2.15)%and (48.21 ±3.50)s,respectively,which were better than those of the control group (t＝48.819, 18.752,all P＜0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in prothrombin activity and prothrombin time between the two groups(all P＞0.05).The probability of grade Ⅳand gradeⅠin the observation group was 8.60%and 38.71%,respectively,which was significantly different from those in the control group (χ2 ＝5.243,6.541,all P＜0.05).The incidence rate of adverse events in the observation group (1.08%) was lower than that in the control group(7.53%),and the difference was statistically significant (χ2 ＝4.072,P＜0.05).Conclusion Clopidogrel is more effective than aspirin in the treatment of coronary heart disease.It can significantly improve the coagulation function,cardiac function,and it is safe and with less adverse reactions.

Evidence of two genetically different lymphotropic herpesviruses present among red deer, sambar, and milu herds in China

Herpesvirus infections in Cervidae are a serious threat affecting some deer species worldwide. In our attempt to identify malignant catarrhal fever-associated herpesviruses in deer herds, ten gammaherpesviral DNA fragments were identified in five species of deer in herds in China by using a pan-herpesvirus polymerase chain reaction assay targeting viral DNA polymerase. Notably, in sambar (Rusa unicolor), a novel gamma-2 herpesvirus was identified that showed a close relationship with fallow deer lymphotropic herpesvirus (LHV), while the other fragments were phylogenetically grouped together with Elk-LHV. Determination of whether these viruses have any clinical implication in these deer species should be undertaken urgently.

Impact of the radiotherapy combined with cisplatin plus paclitaxel chemotherapy on the immunologic functions in the patients with esophageal cancer

To study the impact of radiotherapy combined with cisplatin plus paclitaxel chemotherapy on the immunologic functions in the patients with esophageal cancer, from July 2012 to September 2014, 82 patients of esophageal cancer which were receiving treatment in our hospital chose out for this research. Among them, 42 patients received radiotherapy only, as the control group; while the other 40 patients with concurrent cisplatin plus paclitaxel chemo radiotherapy was taken as the observation group. Then the immunologic functions, toxic and side effects were compared between the two groups as well as the survival rates after 3-year-followup-visit, Th level of the total T cells, Th cells and the ratio of Th cells to Ts cells after receiving treatment all increased significantly compared with prior treatment. And the difference was statistically significant [P<0.05]. After the treatment, the level of T cells, Th cells and the ratio of Th cells to Ts cells of the observation group were all significantly lower than the control group, and the difference was statistically significant [P<0.05]. While the difference of the ratio of Ts cells to natural killer cells [NK cells] between the two groups were not significant. The toxic and side effects were mainly myelosuppression, decrease leukocyte, esophagit, nausea and vomiting, and it was not statistically significant in the difference between the two groups [P >0.05], the survival rates from the first year to the third year in the observation group were respectively significantly higher than the control group, and the difference was statistically significant [P<0.05]. Radiotherapy combined with cisplatin plus paclitaxel chemotherapy could properly increase the immunologic functions in patients with esophageal cancer, benefiting for the survival rate with a good security. Therefore, it was worth promoting

The relevant research of thyroid hormones and clinical features in treatment-resistant depression / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of treatment?resistant depression ( TRD) and of its relevance with thyroid hormones. Methods 43 patients with TRD and 48 patients with non?TRD were as?sessed with 17?item Hamilton depression scale ( HAMD?17) and Hamilton anxiety scale ( HAMA) . The serum lev?el of thyroid?stimulating hormone ( TSH) ,total triodothgronine ( TT3) ,total thyroxine ( TT4) ,free triodothgronine ( FT3) and free thyroxine ( FT4) were determined by radioimmunoassay. χ2 test and t test were used for statistic a?nalysis. The quantitative relation of FT3 level with TRD was analyzed and the value of FT3 level in TRD diagnosis was evaluated by ROC curve.Results Compared with non?TRD patients,the TRD patients showed a younger dis?ease onset age ((16.98±2.25)years vs (23.50±3.38)years) and a longer disease course ((10.14±6.47)years vs (5.48±4.15)years) for total disease course;(60.35±23.64)months vs (5.00±3.40)months for current disease course),and had shorter education years ((8.53±1.72)years vs (11.04±2.07)years) and higher HAMD total scores (19.09±1.59 vs 15.69±2.38) and behavior retarding factor scores (8.72±0.98 vs 4.98±1.63). In addition, the FT3 level of TRD patients was lower than that of non?TRD patients ((3.92±0.15)pmol/L vs (4.16±0.20) pmol/L).All the above differences between two groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). The logistic regres?sion analysis showed that the risk of suffering TRD increased by 1. 006?fold when FT3 level reduced 0. 1 pmol/L (OR=2.006,95%CI=(1.501,2.681). The area under ROC curve was 0.821 (P<0.001) with its 95% confidence interval of (0.734,0.907). Conclusion Compared with non?TRD patients,TRD patients have a longer disease course,a younger disease onset age, a lower education level, higher HAMD total scores, more severe retardation symptoms,and a lower FT3 level. The serum FT3 level has a high reference value in diagnosis of TRD.

Study on continuous performance test in the patients with social anxiety disorder and their first degree relatives / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the features of sustained attention in the patients with social anxiety disorder and their first degree relatives.Methods 60 cases of normal controls,58 cases of patients with social anxiety disorder and 68 cases of their first degree relatives were performed with continuous performance test.Results In reaction time task(a simple performance),all of CPT parameters in patient group (number of cancel (5.2±6.9),number of omission(6.7± 13.6),reaction time(421.0± 112.0) ms,variance coefficient(47.3±38.1) ％)were higher than those in the first degree relatives group(number of cancel (2.9± 3.3),number of omission (1.5±2.1),reaction time (342.0±47.0) ms,variance coefficient(28.9± 10.1) ％) and controlled group (number of cancel (2.8 ± 2.9),number of omission (1.3 ± 0.7),reaction time (329.0 ± 53.0) ms,variance coefficient (27.8± 9.7) ％),the differences were significant(P＜0.01),while all of CPT parameters in the first degree relatives were similar to those in controlled group(P＞0.05).In X task (a complex performance),the results of CPT in the first degree relatives were between the patients and the normal controls,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion The anxiety disorder patients showed no sustained attention impairment in simple performance while in a complex performance there were some defects of sustained attention functions in the patients with social anxiety disorder and their first degree relatives.

Serum proteomic patterns for detection of esophageal cancer / 中华消化外科杂志

Objective To explore differential expression of protiens between patients with esophageal cancer and healthy individuals, and to screen out the tumor biomarkers to construct a dignostic model. Methods From January to August, 2008, the clinical data of 127 patients with esophageal cancer (esophageal cancer group) who had been admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University and 63 healthy individuals (control group) were retrospectively analyzed. The serum proteomic profiles of the esophageal cancer pateints and healthy individuals were deteced by weak cation exchange and hydrophobic surface ProteinChip using the surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (SELDT-TOF-MS) technique.Serum differentially expressed markers of esophageal cancer were screened out to establish the diagnostic model for esophageal cancer. All data were analyzed using rank sum test. Results Six proteins were high-expressed in the esophageal cancer group, and the mass-to-charge ratios were 4488, 5495, 15964, 3948, 8154, 8166. Four were low-expressed in esophageal cancer group, and the mass-to-charge ratios were 8789, 6682, 8714, 6650. A diagnostic model consisting six proteins was established. A total of 124 patients were correctly diagnosed and three were misdiagnosed in the esophageal cancer group, and 60 were correctly diagnosed and three were misdiagnosed in the control group. The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic model were 96.8% ( 184/190),97.6% ( 124/127 ) and 95.2% (60/63). Conclusions The diagnostic model established based on the tumor markers screened out by the SELDT-TOF-MS is highly sensitive and specific.

Effect of Ischemia-reperfusion on Combined Data of QRS Complex Waves of Electrocardiogram and Myocardial Enzymes in Rabbits / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To explore the changes of QRS combined data and myocardial enzymes during ischemia-reperfusion in rabbits,and observe the changes of ST segment and T wave of lead Ⅱ,and arrhythmias.Methods The models of ischemia-reperfusion(A,B,C and D group)were made by ligating the left circumflex territory for 10,20,30,40 min and then reperfusion for 60 min.The sham-operated control was designed.The changes of the QRS combined data,ST segment and T wave and rises of arrhythmias about electrocardiogram of lead Ⅱ were observed.Meanwhile,the activity of serum myocardial enzymes was measured.Results The QRS combined data of the group D was higher significantly than the sham-operated control,group A and group B(P<0.05).T waves of different groups were not significantly different(P>0.05).The J spot elevation of lead Ⅲ in 19 rabbits of the ligating group and 5 rabbits of the sham-operated control was observed before operation.The changes of ST segment were clearly observed in the ligating group after operation:apparent mono-phasic curve elevation in 21 rabbits,level type depression in 2 and no change in 1.ST segment of other animals was declined more than 0.2 mV in 60 min reperfusion,except ST segment of 2 rabbits elevated again more than 0.1 mV,2 rabbits were normal and 1 rabbit was depressed.Two rabbits of the group D respectively died of sinus bradycardia in reperfusion 40 min and 43 min,and two rabbits appeared premature ventricalar contraction during reperfusion 3-5 min.The activity of serum aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)obviously increased in the group D(P<0.05).Creatine kinase(CK)was high significantly except the sham-operated control(P<0.05).The activity of serum CK-MB of the groups C and group D was significantly higher than that of the sham-operated control(P<0.05).Conclusion The rising of LDH,CK-MB and QRS combined date in the group D is related with ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Effects of continuous venoveHous hemodiafiltration on organ function and eytokines in dogs with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of continuous vennvenous haemodiafihration(CVVHDF)on major organ fimction and plasma cytokine levels in MODS dogs.Methods Fifteen Beagle dogs were subjected to hemorrhagic shock plus resuscitation and endotoxemia to establish MODS model,then dogs were randomly divided into 2 groups:CVVHDF group(n=8)and MODS group without CVVHDF (n=7).CVVHDF was performed for 12 hours after endotoxin injection in CVVHDF group dogs.Serum ALT,AST,Scr,BUN and blood gas were routinely measured,and plasma TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-10 coneentrations were measured by ELISA at different time points. Results Plasma levels of IL-6 and IL-10 were significantly decreased in the CVVHDF group at 3 h,6 h,9 h and 12 h after endotoxin injection as compared with MODS group (P＜0.01).TNF-α levels were similar in both groups(P＞0.05).IL-6 and TNF-α were detected in the ultrafihrate.The sieving coefficients (SC) for IL-6 and TNF-α were 0.27±0.13 and 0.1±0.1 respectively.IL-10 could not be detected in the ultrafiltrate.In CVVHDF group,function of major organs was improved.The beneficial effect of CVVHDF on the hypotension of MODS dogs was particularly striking at 6 h,9 h,and 12 h alter endotoxin injection(P＜0.01).Mean PaO2 in CVVHDF groups at 3 h,6 h,9 h,and 12 h after endotoxin injection was significantly higher than that in MODS group(P＜0.01). Conclusion CVVHDF effectively removes IL-6 and IL-10from the cireulation,attennates endotoxin-induced hypotension and improves arterial oxygenation in MODS dogs.

Changes of cardiac energy metabolism and structure during ischemia/reperfusion injury of liver in rats / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To investigate the effect and mechanism of liver ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)injury on the changes of cardiac energy metabolism and structure.METHODS:48 healthy Wistar male rats were randomly divided into 6 groups as follows(n=8 in each group):control group(CTL),simply ischemia for 30 min without reperfusion(I group);reperfusion following ischemia for 30 min(I/R group);2 h reperfusion following ischemia for 30 min(I/R 2 h group);4 h reperfusion following ischemia for 30 min(I/R 4 h group)and 6 h reperfusion following ischemia for 30 min(I/R 6 h group).The level of serum endotoxin was measured.The levels of insulin and insulin antibody in heart were detected by radioimmunoassay.The contents of MDA,MPO and lactic acid in heart were also determined.RESULTS:During the process of liver I/R injury,the level of endotoxin increased in I group and I/R group and declined gradually for long time during reperfusion,but was still longer than that in CTL group(P0.05).CONCLUSION:During the process of liver I/R injury,endotoxin is absorbed from intestine and impairment of liver detoxication leads to endotoxemia,which might play a role in the changes of the energy metabolism and structure in heart.

Effects of interferon-? on recurrence and growth of intrahepatic HCC after radical resection in nude mice / 中国病理生理杂志

0.05).Tumor volumes was diminished in group B and C as compared with that in group A(P

Dynamic changes and role of leukocytes and platelets in experimental lung injury / 中国病理生理杂志

This study indicated that leukocytes release of the liver and the pulmonary entrapment of leukoeytes and platelets, pulmonary injury occured in acute heraorrhagic shock following depressed reticuloendothelial function in the rabbits. There were linear relationships between pulmonary entrapment of leukocytes and platelets, and increase of pulmonary coefficient. These changes were not observed in control animals, the animals of depressed RES and acute hemorrhagic shock animals. The results suggested that leukocytes and platelets involved in the pulmonary injury of acute hemorrhagic shock after depressed RES.